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Walnuts are grown on walnut trees, which can grow up to 100 feet tall and have a lifespan of up to 200 years. There are over 20 different species of walnuts, but the most commonly grown species for commercial purposes are the English (or Persian) and the Black walnut.
1. Choosing the Site: Walnuts thrive in deep, fertile, and well-drained soil. Optimal soil pH should be between 6.0 and 6.5. The chosen site should have access to good air circulation and ample sunlight.
2. Planting: Walnut trees are usually propagated through grafting, where a scion from a selected tree is grafted onto a rootstock. The trees are usually planted in the fall or early spring. Saplings are planted with the graft union a few inches above the soil level.
3. Maintenance: Young walnut trees require regular watering and weed control to promote healthy growth. Fertilizing with nitrogen is also essential for healthy nut production. Walnut trees usually start producing nuts after 3-4 years and produce a full harvest after around 8-12 years.
4. Harvesting: Walnuts usually ripen in the fall and drop from the tree when mature. They are harvested by shaking the tree or by using equipment such as shakers and sweepers. Once harvested, the nuts must be dried to reduce moisture levels and prevent mold growth.
5. Packaging and Marketing: Walnuts are typically packaged and sold in their shells or shelled. They are processed and sorted by size and quality, then packaged and distributed to retailers or consumers. California is the largest producer of walnuts globally, accounting for over 99% of the US walnut production.
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