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Xinjiang is a predominantly Muslim autonomous region located in the northwest part of China. It covers over 1.6 million square kilometers, making it the largest province-level administrative unit in China. Known for its natural beauty, ethnic diversity, and rich cultural heritage, Xinjiang is a popular destination for tourists from around the world. Additionally, the region is famous for its highly productive agriculture sector, including growing some of the world's best walnuts. Over the years, Xinjiang has become known as the "capital of walnuts." The reason behind this is the region's ideal climate, fertile soil, and geographic location, which make it an excellent place for walnut production.
The region's central location along the ancient Silk Road helped to bring in different varieties of walnuts from around the world, leading to the development of hybrid varieties that were perfectly suited to Xinjiang's growing conditions. The history of Xinjiang's walnut production can be traced back over 2000 years. The famous Chinese poet Li Bai wrote about the "Heavenly Mountains" of Xinjiang and the "golden luan" fruit, which are believed to be walnuts.
The popularity of Xinjiang's walnuts continued to grow over time, with the region becoming a significant center for walnut production during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). The production of walnuts in Xinjiang continued to expand during the successive dynasties, with the region's output reaching new heights during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912). At that time, the imperial court recognized Xinjiang's importance as a center for agriculture, and the emperor ordered the planting of millions of walnut trees throughout the region.
The government also encouraged the development of new varieties of walnuts by offering rewards to successful cultivators. Today, Xinjiang is one of the largest producers of walnuts in China, accounting for approximately 80% of the country's total production. The region produces different types of walnuts, with the most popular being the "Huerta Xinxing," a hybrid variety that was developed in Xinjiang during the 1950s. This variety has a thin shell, large kernel, and sweet taste, making it highly sought after by consumers in China and around the world. One of the most significant advantages of Xinjiang's walnut production is the region's climate. The summer in Xinjiang is long and hot, which is ideal for the growth of walnut trees.
The winters are cold and dry, which allows the walnut trees to go into dormancy and rest until the next growing season. Additionally, Xinjiang's soil is rich in minerals, which help to support the growth of healthy walnut trees. Another factor contributing to the success of Xinjiang's walnut industry is the region's irrigation systems. Xinjiang is home to several rivers and lakes that provide water for irrigation. Additionally, the government has invested heavily in the construction of new irrigation systems to support the widespread cultivation of walnuts. This investment has made Xinjiang's walnut industry more productive and efficient, allowing farmers to maximize their yields. The popularity of Xinjiang's walnuts has not gone unnoticed by the Chinese government, which has been actively promoting the region's walnuts to domestic and international markets. The government has set up various programs to encourage the development of new varieties of walnuts, improve the quality of the nuts, and increase production efficiency. Additionally, the government has facilitated exports of Xinjiang's walnuts through various trade agreements with other countries.
However, the region's walnut industry has not been without controversy. In recent years, the Chinese government has been accused of using forced labor from detained Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang's agriculture sector, including the walnut industry. Several international human rights organizations have documented the use of forced labor in Xinjiang, leading to calls for a boycott of goods produced in the region.
In conclusion, the history of Xinjiang's walnut production dates back thousands of years. The region's ideal growing conditions, fertile soil, and rich history have helped to make its walnuts famous around the world. Xinjiang's walnuts are known for their large size, thin shell, and sweet flavor, making them highly sought after by consumers. While the region's walnut industry has faced controversy in recent years, it remains an essential source of economic growth and cultural heritage for the people of Xinjiang.
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