The main diseases and insect pests that need to be strengthened during sunflower production include sclerotinia, verticillium wilt, rust, sunflower blight, sunflower borer, cotton bollworm, flower thrips, and meadow borer. In order to prevent and control sunflower pests and diseases in 2024 and ensure the safe production of sunflowers, the National Agricultural Technology Center has formulated this plan.
Prevention and control goals
The prevention and treatment rate is more than 90%, the comprehensive prevention and control effect is more than 80%, the loss rate of pests and diseases is controlled within 8%, and the green prevention and control coverage rate reaches more than 55%.
Prevention and control strategies
Adhere to the principle of "adapting measures to local conditions, implementing policies by zoning, and classifying guidance", coordinately promote green prevention and control, and unified prevention and control, organize emergency prevention and control in a timely manner, seize key areas and major pests and diseases, guide comprehensive prevention and control during critical periods, and improve prevention and control effects.
Prevention and control key points and technical measures
(1) Key points of regional prevention and control
1. Xinjiang and Gansu production areas
The main pests are Verticillium wilt, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, white rust, sunflower blight, cotton bollworm, sunflower borer, flower thrips, blind bug bugs and underground pests.
2. Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi production areas
The main diseases are verticillium wilt, sclerotinia, flower thrips, sunflower blight, sunflower borer, meadow borer, and downy mildew.
3. Heilongjiang, Jilin and Hebei production areas
The main diseases are sclerotinia, verticillium wilt, black spot, brown spot, rust, sunflower blight, and underground pests.
(2) Key prevention and control targets in different growth stages
1. Seedling stage. The production areas of Xinjiang and Gansu mainly focus on the prevention and control of sclerotinia and underground pests. The production areas of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi mainly focus on the prevention and control of verticillium wilt, sclerotinia and underground pests. The production areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Hebei mainly focus on preventing and controlling rust diseases and underground pests.
2. Budding period. The production areas of Xinjiang and Gansu mainly focus on the prevention and control of sclerotinia and underground pests. Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Shanxi production areas mainly control sunflower borer, verticillium wilt, flower thrips, sclerotinia, downy mildew, sunflower blight, and meadow borer. The production areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Hebei mainly prevent and control sclerotinia, verticillium wilt, black spot, brown spot, rust, and underground pests.
3. Flowering period. The production areas of Xinjiang and Gansu mainly control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticillium wilt, sunflower wilt, flower thrips, cotton bollworm, blind bugs and sunflower borers. Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi, and Shanxi production areas mainly control sunflower borer, flower thrips, verticillium wilt, sclerotinia, sunflower blight, and meadow borer. The production areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Hebei mainly focus on preventing and controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticillium wilt, rust, and sunflower diseases.
4. Maturity period. The production areas of Xinjiang and Gansu mainly focus on the prevention and control of sunflower stalks, cotton bollworms, sunflower borers, flower thrips, and stink bugs. The production areas of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi mainly focus on the prevention and control of sunflower borer, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sunflower stem borer and meadow borer. Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Hebei production areas mainly focus on preventing and controlling sunflower diseases.
(3) Prevention technology
1. Select disease-resistant (tolerant) varieties. Select varieties that are resistant (tolerant) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticillium wilt, rust, sunflower blight, etc. according to local conditions, and avoid planting highly (susceptible) varieties.
2. Agronomic measures. Plow in late autumn to eliminate diseased and diseased plants, promptly remove diseased and diseased plants in the field, and reduce the source of primary infection; rotate crops with grasses, legumes and other crops through stubble and reasonable intercropping, and remove weeds such as Chenopodiaceae and field host plants of flower thrips in the fields. , effectively reduce the overwintering insect source of blind bugs, reduce the density of meadow borer and flower thrips larvae; sow at the appropriate time; apply biological fertilizer in the furrow during sowing, increase the base fertilizer, and apply appropriate top dressing to improve the plant's disease resistance.
3. Prevention during sowing period. Before sowing, chemicals are used for seed coating, seed dressing or seed soaking. Different chemicals are selected according to different control objects, such as fludioxonil, thiamethoxam, etc.
(4) Non-chemical green prevention and control technology
1. Insect sex pheromone induction and control. During the peak season of sunflower borer and cotton bollworm adults, 25-30 sex pheromone traps/hm2 are placed at equal intervals in the field to trap and kill the adults.
2. Physical and chemical induction and control. When the sunflowers are budding, hang blue boards to trap flower thrips, and the hanging height should be 10cm higher than the sunflower plants. Use insecticidal lamps to control sunflower borers, bollworms, underground pests and more. Cotton bollworms can be trapped and killed using food traps.
3. Biological control. During the budding and flowering stages of sunflowers, East Asian stink bugs can be artificially released to control thrips, and Trichogramma vulgaris can be released to control sunflower borers and cotton bollworms. In the early stages of sunflower flowering, spray Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder on the sunflower tray to control sunflower borer larvae.
(5) Chemical harm control technology
1. Sclerotinia. For plots where reoccurrence occurs, pesticides such as procymidone, fludioxonil, and CGMCC8325 should be used during the initial flowering period.
2. Rust. Tests from various places have shown that spraying triadimefon or propiconazole in the early stage of the disease has a good effect, and the scope of application can be expanded based on test demonstrations.
3. Sunflower black spot. Tests from various places have shown that timely spraying of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, and iprodione at an interval of 7-10 days for 2-3 times at the early stage of the disease has good results, and the scope of application can be expanded based on experimental demonstrations.
4. Sunflower brown spot disease. Tests from various places have shown that in the early stage of the disease, agents such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl are used alternately with an interval of 7-10 days and sprayed 2-3 times continuously.
5. Sunflower borer. Tests from various places have shown that spraying deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and diflubenzuron before newly hatched larvae have penetrated the flower disk has a good effect, and the scope of application can be expanded based on experimental demonstrations.
6. Cotton bollworm. Control methods refer to sunflower borer.
7. Flower thrips. From the seedling stage to the flower bud stage, pesticides can be sprayed in conjunction with other pest and disease control measures.
8. Lawn borer. Tests from various places have shown that spraying deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and diflubenzuron during the non-flowering stage of sunflowers before the third instar of the larvae has good effects, and the scope of application can be expanded based on experimental demonstrations.
9. Blind bug. Tests from various places have shown that when serious outbreaks occur, spray control with chemical agents such as beta-cypermethrin and sulfoxaflor is effective. Due to the strong migration ability of adult bugs, special attention should be paid to coordinated time and unified control during control.
Precautions
(1) When using insecticidal lamps to trap and kill, pay attention to using them during the peak emergence period of adult pests and active periods at night.
(2) When using sex pheromone trapping and killing technology, a large area should be controlled and controlled uniformly, and lures for different pests cannot be placed in the same trap.
(3) It is prohibited to use insect traps during the sunflower flowering period to avoid accidentally killing bees. It is prohibited to use pesticides that are toxic to bees. Try to apply pesticides during non-visiting times by bees.
(4) Application of pesticides during non-flowering period should be done before 9 a.m. or after 5 p.m. on a sunny day.
(5) Use registered pesticides on sunflowers, or choose temporary drug varieties proposed by the local provincial agricultural and rural departments, strictly implement safety intervals, pay attention to the rotation of pesticides, and delay the development of drug resistance.
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