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The main flowering period of planted sunflowers is generally from mid-July to mid-late August. The sunflower flowering period refers to when 75% of the sunflower tongue-shaped flowers are open, that is, it enters the flowering stage. The flowering period of sunflowers can last for more than two weeks. The sunflower flowering period is divided into budding stage, flowering stage and mature stage. Management has been organized for the above three stages. The methods are listed below for netizens’ reference.
1. Management methods of sunflower budding period:
A star-shaped body with a diameter of 1 cm appears on the top of the sunflower, commonly known as budding. From budding to flowering, it usually takes about 20 days. It is a period of simultaneous vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and it is also the most vigorous stage in life. Sunflowers require the most fertilizer and water during this period, accounting for about 40% to 50% of the total fertilizer and water requirements. If the need for water and fertilizer cannot be met in time during this period, the yield will be seriously affected.
2. Management methods of sunflower during the flowering period:
In the field, the tongue-shaped flowers of 75% of the plants are open, which means they have entered the flowering stage. It usually takes 6 to 9 days for a flower disk to bloom from the tongue-shaped flowers to the completion of the tubular flowers. From the second day to the fifth day is the peak flowering period of this inflorescence. The number of flowers blooming in these 4 days accounts for about 75% of the number of flowers blooming. The flowers mostly bloom between 4 and 6 o'clock in the morning, and are pollinated and fertilized the next morning. Unfertilized branches can remain without wilting for 7 to 10 days.
Sunflower self-pollination has a very low seeding rate, only about 3%; cross-pollination has a high seeding rate. However, if the temperature is high, there is a lot of rain, high humidity, insufficient light, drought in the soil, etc., the seed setting rate will be greatly reduced;
Therefore, adjusting the sowing date, timely fertilizing and watering, preventing and controlling pests and diseases, and taking measures such as releasing bees or artificially assisted pollination can improve the seed setting rate.
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